More than 5,700 people died, 37,927 people were injured, and 240,396 residential buildings were destroyed, and the local infrastructure and economic activities were largely disrupted. This earthquake caused extensive damage in Yogyakarta and Central Java.
According to USGS, the epicentre was located 20 km Southeast of Yogyakarta City at geographic coordinates 7.9620 0S, 110.4580 0E. A moderate to strong, 6.3Mw earthquake hit Yogyakarta early in the morning at 5:54 local time.
Yogyakarta earthquake on May 27th, 2006, was unexpected not only for Yogyakarta residents but also for all Indonesians. The other big earthquakes occurred in Indonesia after Aceh Earthquake 2004 were Nias Earthquake in 2005 (Mw = 8.7), Yogyakarta Earthquake in 2006 (Mw = 6.3), Tasikmalaya Earthquake in 2009 (Mw = 7.4), Padang earthquake in 2009 (Mw = 7.6), and Kebumen, Central Java Earthquake in 2014 (Mw = 6.1) (Irsyam, et al., 2010). The Andaman earthquake also generated a destructive tsunami and caused massive casualties not only in Indonesia but also in other nations surrounding the Indian Ocean such as Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Somalia, Myanmar, Maldives, etc. Geological Survey (USGS), at least 14,000 earthquakes greater than 5.0 Richter occurred in this area between 19 with the biggest earthquake (9.1 MW) having occurred in the Andaman Sea, west coast of Aceh (northern Sumatra) on 26 December 2004. The Pacific Plate is moving northward with an average velocity of 11–12.5 cm/year while the Indo-Australian Plate is moving 7.23 cm/year westward. ( 2002) stated that the Eurasian Plate is relatively more stable than the other two tectonic plates. Indonesia is an archipelago country located between three active tectonic plates: The Pacific Plate, the Eurasian Plate, and the Indo-Australian Plate. However, few earthquakes can also occur away from the tectonic plates boundary such as in the interior of a tectonic plate or intraplate regions (Stein & Wysession, 2003). The areas located at the edges of tectonic plates are more vulnerable to earthquake hazard. This natural phenomenon strongly relates to the geological condition and the configuration of tectonic plates. The released energy generates the seismic vibration radiating in the earth’s body and perceived as an earthquake (Bath, 1979). Thus, the site investigation still needs to be conducted for the future research to determine the safety and vulnerability of residential building.Īn earthquake is a sudden motion of the earth caused by the release of accumulated energy that mostly occurs within or along the edges of earth’s tectonic plates. This study is suitable for preliminary study at the region scale. The results explain the prediction of building vulnerability based on the building damaged of the Yogyakarta earthquake 2006. The results showed that the building damage probability provided a high accuracy of prediction about 75.81%. On the contrary, the safest building type is the houses which has characteristics of reinforced masonry structure, asbestos or zinc roof type, and being located in Semilir Formation. The main findings of this study were as follows: The most vulnerable building type is the reinforced masonry structure with clay tile roof, it is located between 8.1-10 km of the epicentre and it is built on young Merapi volcanic deposits. By considering the relationship between building characteristics, site conditions, and the damage level based on probabilistic analysis, this study can offer a better understanding of earthquake damage estimation for residential building in Java. Therefore, the main objective of this study has been the provision of a probabilistic model of seismic building vulnerability based on the damage data of the last big earthquake. Thus, a comprehensive study about building vulnerability is absolutely needed in study area. This urbanistic change is feared to be potentially the lead to a great disaster if an earthquake occurs again. After reconstruction and rehabilitation, the area where the study was conducted grew into a densely populated area. Two main factors that caused the severe damages were a dense population and the lack of seismic design of residential buildings. The total damages and losses because of the earthquake was 29.1 trillion rupiahs or equal to approximately 3.1 million US dollar. Furthermore, the earthquake also affected the infrastructure and local economic activities. On top of extensive damage in Yogyakarta and Central Java, more than 5700 people perished 37,927 people were injured in the collapse of more than 240,396 residential buildings. A moderate to strong earthquake of 6.3 Mw shook the 20 km southeast part of the Yogyakarta City early in the morning at 5:54 local time. The Southeast of Yogyakarta City has had the heaviest damages to buildings in the 2006 of Yogyakarta Earthquake disaster.
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